What is Gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums and the initial stage of gum disease. Approximately seventy-five percent of Americans will experience some form of gum disease at some point in their life.

What Causes Gingivitis?

The direct cause of gingivitis is plaque build-up. Plaque is the soft, sticky, colorless film of bacteria that is constantly growing on the teeth and gums. If plaque is not removed then it produces toxins that can cause irritation to the gum tissue. If caught at this early stage, then the damage can be reversed. Over time plaque hardens to become tartar and dips below the gumline. This can cause an infection of the gums. If it is untreated, then gingivitis can become periodontitis which can cause the gums to separate from the teeth. This leads to injury of the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth causing permanent damage to the teeth and jaw.

Signs of Gingivitis

The key signs of gingivitis include:

• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Bleeding gums
• Gums have pulled away from the teeth
• Recurring bad breath or bad taste in the mouth

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, talk to your dentist to know which stage of gingivitis you may have.

How to Prevent Gingivitis

The early stage of gingivitis can be managed, prevented and treated. Some of the common ways to do so are:

• Brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush two times a day (preferably an electric toothbrush).
• Floss every day.
• Use a bacteria-killing mouthwash.
• Use an anti-gingivitis toothpaste that contains fluoride.

Factors that may increase your risk of gingivitis include:

Smoking or chewing tobacco

Diabetes

Stress

Pregnancy

Crooked teeth

Poor fitting dental appliances

Broken fillings

Poor nutrition

Certain medications (oral contraceptives, steroids, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and chemotherapy)

Chronic diseases

To help prevent gingivitis be sure to schedule regular six-month dental checkups with your dentist.